Plabting-maghibte



WILLIAM VATSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PLANINGIVIACHINE.

Speccaton of Letters Patent No. 9,108, dated July 6, 1852.

To all 'whom 'it may conce/wn.:

Be it known that I, IVILLIAM IVATsoN, of Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented certain new and usefulImprove-ments in PlaningNIachines, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, which make part of this specification, and in which- Figure Iis a view in perspective of a planing machine embodying my improvements;Fig. 2 is a plan ofv the same; Figs. 3, et and 5 are sections of a boardas it passes through the machine, taken immediately behind the first,second, and third cutters to show their respective action upon it. Fig.6 is a transverse section through the line l, 1, of Fig. 1; Fig. 7, is alike, section at the line 2, 2, of Fig. l; Fig. 8 is a like section atthe line 3, 3, of Fig. l; and Fig. 9 is a View of the planes, stocks,and planes inverted.

The reducing cutters in the most approved and ecient of the planingmachines heretofore constructed with stationary planes, are preceded bya bar mouth piece, which presses heavily and constantly upon the surfaceof the rough board, thus generating a large amount cf friction, whichtends to wear out the machine rapidly and involves the constantexpenditure of a large amount of force to overcome it.

The object of my invention is to dispense altogether with the employmentof a mouth piece to press upon the rough surface of the board in frontof the reducing cutters, and it consists of a double series of reducingcutters which are alternately inclined in opposite directions, thecutting edges of all being inclined both to the surface and to the edgesof the board at an acute angle, so that the surplus material is cut outin shallow longitudinal grooves by a drawing or shaving cut whichleavesthe board with a fiuted surface, but of uniform thicknessthroughout its entire length. The ridges thus left on the surface of theboard are easily reduced by means of a common planeiron extending acrossthe board, and preceded by a mouth piece whose under surface is thecounterpart of the fiuted surface of the board.

In the accompanying drawings a machine is represented, which in itsgeneral form and arrangement resembles the more common of the machineshaving stationary planes. It

has a strong frame A on the front end of which, a pair of feed rollers BB are mounted. The lower most B of these rollers runs in fixed bearingson the side of the frame, which keep its upper side level with the bed Cbut the upper roller B is supported in boxes which slide up and down inslotted guide standards D. The rollers are geared together by means of apair of star wheels a a secured to their adjacent ends. The upper rolleris held down upon the lower by means of a spring E whose pressure isgraduated by a set screw G which passes through a cross bar I-I thatconnects the upper ends of the standards D. The upper extremity of thescrew Gr, is fitted with a hand-wheel I, by which it is turned. Therollers are turned by means of a belt which encircles a pulley K on theaxis of one of them. In this instance, I have shown three planes, thefirst two without mouth-pieces, and the third with a fixed mouth-piece.

The stocks L L L2, of the planes,are each secured to the frame A bymeans of two screw bolts L at each end, each bolt fitted both with aset, and a jam nut, and each fixed at its lower extremity to the frameA. Between each pair of securing bolts a a set screw b is placed bymeans of which, the mean height of the stock can be maintained, whileits front or back edges are being raised and lowered to adjust itproperly. The first stock is fitted in this instance with two planeirons or cutters M which stand obliquely to the bed C bothlongitudinally and transversely, so that as the board Q is fed forwardby the rollers the edges of the irons will cut into it obliquely, andraise up thin lips c as represented in Fig. 3. These irons never removea shaving, and as they act so obliquely on the grain of the wood, theycut smoothly and with great ease. IVhile the back or lower corners ofthe irons are cutting, the board is held down by portions of the bevelededges m Fig; 9 of the iron, which precede these corners, so as tocounteract all tendency which the operation of cutting may have, to drawup or lift the board. The position in which these plane irons aresecured to the stock will be clearly seen by reference to Fig. 6. Itwill be seen that the irons thus arranged will tend by their obliqueaction upon the board, to force it over against the fence F which guidesit in passing through the machine, and in order that the hinder end ofthe board, may

also be kept against the fence, the feed rollers, are set across themachine with a slight degree of obliquity sutlicient to press the -boardagainst the fence.

The irons N of the second plane L are inclined to the stock L', and tothe bed C in the same manner as the irons of the first plane whichprecede them, but they are inclined in the opposite direction. Thesecond irons N also stand in range with the spaces between the firstirons M, so that the lower or hinder' corners of the irons of the twoseries will cut to the same line. These irons will raise lips c oppositethose cut by the preceding irons, and will therefrom detach triangularshavings from the board leaving its surface Huted as shown in Fig. 4.The bottom of the second stock L', is iuted as shown in Fig. 9,.so as toconform to the luted surface of the board in order that when the lastplane O cuts off the ridges to level the surface of the board, the backpart of this stock Vwill act as a iiXed mouth piece to hold the boarddown and to break the shaving.

The last plane L2 is made in the usual manner with an iron O extendingacross the frame, so as to plane across the entire surface of the widestboard which the machine will admit.

I have shown but two irons in each of the first two planes, as these aresufficient to illustrate and fully make known the principle of theinvention, but a much greater number of oblique irons may be used, andthey may be placed at a much more acute angle to the edge of the board.If desired a third and fourth series of these oblique planes may beemployed to groove the ridges left by the oblique cutters alreadydescribed. So also instead of one plane iron to smooth off the ridgestwo or more may be used.

If preferred, both series of the oblique rei ducing cutters may beattached to the same stock instead of to different stocks. The cuttersor plane irons may also be curved to lift up shavings.v see Fig. l0 ifthat form should be deemed preferable. A series of spurs or slittingirons y Fig. 9 may be combined'with one or more series of obliquereducing irons to'slit the shavings.

Having thus described my improvements, what I specically claim thereinas new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent isl. A reducing planecomposed of a series of oblique irons, arranged substantially as hereinset forth.

2. I also claim the combination of the before claimed reducing cutterswith smoothing cutters, arranged substantially as herein set forth.`

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

WM. WATSON.`

Vitnesses:

F. A. HOME, JOHN SMITH.

